Cork comes from the bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber), which is native to the western Mediterranean region. The primary regions where cork oak trees are found include:
Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): The largest cork oak forests are located in the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the largest producer of cork, followed by Spain. The climate and soil conditions in these regions are conducive to the growth of cork oak trees.
North Africa: Cork oak trees are also found in North African countries, including Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya. However, the majority of the world’s cork supply comes from the Iberian Peninsula.
Southern France: Some cork oak forests can be found in southern France, contributing to the overall production of cork.
Cork oaks thrive in regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The trees have adapted to these conditions and are well-suited to the rocky and arid soils of the Mediterranean region. The cork oak is unique in its ability to regenerate after the cork bark is harvested, making it a sustainable and renewable resource.
The harvesting of cork bark is typically done by hand, and it occurs every 9 to 12 years without causing harm to the tree. This sustainable harvesting process has led to the preservation of cork oak forests, contributing to biodiversity and environmental conservation in these regions.